Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer: cancer of the urinary system

Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that affects the urinary system. It is estimated that 83,000 new cases and 17,000 deaths from bladder cancer will occur in 2021 in the United States alone, making it the sixth most common form of cancer. Urothelial carcinoma, which accounts for around 90% of all cases, is the most common type. Risk factors include smoking (which accounts for about half of all cases), exposure to certain chemicals, age, gender, and certain genetic conditions, or a history of bladder cancer. Symptoms of bladder cancer can include blood in the urine (hematuria), pain during urination, frequent urination, and urinary incontinence - however these can also be caused by other conditions. Diagnosis typically involves physical exams, blood and urine tests, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs, and a biopsy of the bladder tissue. Treatment depends on many factors including the stage and type of disease and the patient's age and health status. Prognosis is best when the disease is detected early but varies depending on the stage; the five-year survival rate is estimated at 78%. Prevention includes avoiding smoking, reducing exposure to certain chemicals as well as drinking plenty of fluids regularly to flush out the bladder - regular check-ups with a doctor are also key for early detection and improved chances for successful treatment outcomes.